Rectal Prolapse

Stool softeners: These medications can help prevent constipation and reduce straining.

Rectal prolapse is a medical condition in which the rectum (the final section of the large intestine) slips out of its normal position and protrudes through the anus. This condition can vary in severity, from a partial prolapse, where only the lining of the rectum is displaced, to a complete prolapse, where the entire thickness of the rectal wall extends outside the anus. Rectal prolapse can cause discomfort, embarrassment, and complications if not treated.

Treatment Options

Non-surgical treatment

Lifestyle changes: Increasing fiber intake, staying hydrated, and avoiding straining during bowel movements can help manage mild prolapse.
Pelvic floor exercises: Strengthening the pelvic muscles through exercises like Kegels can provide support to the rectum.
Stool softeners: These medications can help prevent constipation and reduce straining.

Surgical treatment

Rectopexy: A surgical procedure that involves repositioning and securing the rectum to its proper location within the pelvis.
Perineal surgery: In some cases, the prolapsed section of the rectum is removed through an incision around the anus.
Laparoscopic surgery: A minimally invasive technique to correct the prolapse with small incisions.

Diagnosis

Physical examination: A healthcare provider may examine the rectal area, especially during straining, to observe the extent of the prolapse.
Anoscopy or sigmoidoscopy: These procedures allow direct visualization of the rectal and anal canal to assess the condition and rule out other issues.
Defecography: A specialized X-ray that shows the function of the rectum during bowel movements.
Colon evaluation: Colonoscopy may be performed to check for underlying conditions, such as tumors or polyps, that may contribute to prolapse

Prevention

Avoid straining: Take measures to prevent constipation and avoid prolonged straining during bowel movements.
Pelvic exercises: Regularly practicing pelvic floor exercises can help maintain muscle strength.
Maintain a healthy weight: Reducing excess body weight can decrease pressure on the pelvic floor.
Treat chronic conditions: Managing chronic constipation, diarrhea, or other gastrointestinal disorders can reduce the risk of prolapse.

Symptoms of Rectal Prolapse

Visible protrusion: A noticeable bulge or mass outside the anus, especially during or after bowel movements.
Mucous discharge: Excessive mucous production from the rectum, leading to discharge.
Bleeding: Occasional rectal bleeding due to irritation and trauma to the protruded tissue.
Feeling of incomplete evacuation: A sensation of needing to have a bowel movement even after one has occurred.
Pain and discomfort: Varying levels of pain, ranging from mild discomfort to more severe pain, especially when sitting or walking.

Causes and Risk Factors

Chronic constipation: Repeated straining during bowel movements can weaken the pelvic muscles and lead to prolapse.
Chronic diarrhea: Persistent diarrhea can also strain the rectal tissues and muscles.
Age: Older adults, especially women, are at higher risk due to the natural weakening of pelvic floor muscles with age.
Childbirth: Vaginal deliveries can stretch and weaken the pelvic floor muscles, increasing the risk of prolapse.
Previous surgery: Pelvic or rectal surgeries may weaken the supporting structures of the rectum.

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